Tag: Patricia Terry

The Mythological Poems Of The Elder Edda

This is Part Four of Book One of Legends of the Ring; like the Heroic ones it has been translated by Patricia Terry. I read it today.

“The mythological poems feature all the well-known Norse gods: Odin [often disguised, as for example a ferryman in the Lay of Harbard.], Fridge, Frey and Freyja, Thor, Loki and the fair god Balder. Giants and dwarfs have their share too. Sometimes the poems tell genuine stories about these characters. Both the ‘Lay of Thrym’ and the ‘Lay of Hymir’ are comic tales involving Thor, and the ‘Lay of Skirmir’ succeeds as a tale of romance.

“….knowledge is at the hub of the majority of these poems…..[which] convey knowledge of places, people, and events throughout the cosmos. They act as guides to the beginning of the universe, and its end, and contain the names and doings of all the major players on its many worlds.

“As with the heroic poems, much of the poetry takes the form of speech. Gods, giants and dwarfs, in turn act as the poems’ mouthpiece, climaxing in the great cosmic vision of the vala or sybil. Consequently knowledge, too, comes in spoken form: sometimes in monologue, more often in dialogue, principally in question-and-answer exchanges.” (Magee)

The first set of these poems is entitled WISDOM AND KNOWLEDGE.

‘The High One’ who offers the opening monologues ‘Sayings’ and the ‘Lay of Lloddfafnir’ is Odin, who, disguised as Gagnrad enters into a full dialogue with the giant Vafthrudnir in that eponymous lay. The advice given in the first of these reflects those given by Snorri, for example “if a man takes with him a mind full of sense/ he can carry nothing better;/ nothing is worse to carrot your way/ than a head heavy with beer.” The repetition of the first lines of a string of these verses is a common element in these lays. “Don’t stay for ever when you visit friends,/ know when it’s time to leave;/ love turns to loathing if you sit too long/ on someone else’s bench.” contains the now familiar penchant for alliteration. There are some nice similes in this verse: “Thus you’ll find the love of a faithless woman:/ like a smooth shod horse on slippery ice – / a sprightly two-year-old not yet trained,/ or sailing with no rudder in a frantic storm/ or a lame man on an icy hill running after reindeer.”

Then we have COMEDY AND INSULT.

“The Eddic interpretation of comedy is many-faceted: incongruous, preposterous, ridiculous; sometimes salacious, often insulting, and occasionally spiteful or downright cruel.”

In ‘The Lay of Thrym’ “Thunder-weilding Thor woke in a rage – / someone had made off with his mighty hammer;/ his hair stood upright, his beard shook with wrath,/ wild for his weapon the god groped around” (Again the alliteration).

The final selection represents QUEST AND PROPHESY.

This closes with ‘Sybil’s Prophesy’ quoted in “The Prose Edda”, describing the creation of the cosmos, its disastrous destruction by fire and tempest, and its ultimate hope of regeneration.

These two of Simon Brett’s engravings are relevant to this last section.

This evening, from tables in front of the TV while watching the Women’s rugby sevens Olympic match between Australia and Great Britain; the first round Olympic tennis doubles match between Britain’s Andy Murray and Dan Evans and Japan’s Taro Daniel and Kei Nishikori; followed by highlights of the third day of the third cricket test match between England and West Indies, we dined on roast pork, brambly apple sauce, Yorkshire pudding, boiled new potatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, broccoli and meaty gravy cooked perfectly by the Culinary Queen, with which I drank Bajoz Tempranillo 2022.

The Heroic Poems Of The Elder Edda

This is Part Two of Book One of Legends of the Ring, taken from Patricia Terry’s “Poems of the Elder Edda” which she has translated apart from three versions from Elizabeth Magee. “compiled in Iceland round 1270 by an anonymous collector or copyist, the collection contains poems composed somewhere in Scandinavia during the tenth and eleventh centuries”. (Magee)

“Originally the poetry collection had no title. The name Elder Edda was adapted from the term Snorri Sturluson coined: Edda, which he used for his own prose work recounting Scandinavian pre-Christian beliefs…..the poems are clearly older than the prose, even if they were written down later……The poems fall into two main groups. One is a set of mythological poems, which we shall return to later. The second group is heroic, and it is these poems that interest us here.” (Magee)

These poems tell the story of Sigurd and his dynasty as mirrored by the Saga of the Volsungs, expressing the key moments and emotions in a much more beautifully poetic manner than could the prose narrative.

Whoever has been primarily responsible for the poetry in this book has presented luscious, flowing, language with a love of alliteration following the original expressive form of verse. Highlights of the story display intense emotions of passion, drama, and action, linked together with short prose passages.

Leaving the details of the tale for those wishing to read for themselves, I can say that these poems are in four groups: Of Heroes, Swanmaidens and Valkyries; Sigurd Ascendant; Sigurd’s Death; Death of the Niflungs; and End of the Line.

As has been seen in https://derrickjknight.com/2024/07/12/the-saga-of-the-volsungs/ myth plays a large part in the sagas.

“Swanmaidens fly through the air wearing their feathers; once they have landed, however, they set their feather cloaks aside and become as other women. A mortal man can gain power over a swanmaiden by hiding her feather cloak so that she can no longer fly away. ……….

….”the valkyries are Odin’s wish-maidens, who ride through the heavens, sway battles, select those heroes selected for Valhall, and serve the inexhaustible brew of ale to them when they arrive. Some are said to be Odin’s own daughters….” (Magee)

I offer a few phrases from the verses in order to illustrate the complexity of the alliterations:

“Blades were burning in bloody wounds,/ Long swords lowered….” from The Lay of Hakon

“He set bear steaks to roast on the fire -/ high blazed the faggots from seasoned fir trees,/ wind-dried wood, warming Volund.” from The Lay of Volund

“……….Grani’s bride/ gold-bitted, good at galloping; ” from The First Lay of Helgi Hunding’s Bane

“What kind of fish can swim the falls/ but fails to ward off woe?” from The Lay of Regin

“few things worry a worthy king” from The Lay of Fafnir

The poetry is rich in simile and metaphor.

Advice given to Sigurd by Sigrdrifa, the valkyrie in her eponymous lay is almost identical as that of Brunhild in https://derrickjknight.com/2024/07/12/the-saga-of-the-volsungs/

Here are Simon Brett’s muscular illustrations pertinent to this section.